The area of diagonally intersecting ridges and valleys in the Ishtar region formed as a result of intense tectonic disturbances in the crust of Venus is shown.
The altimetry and radar images obtained by the American Pioneer-Venus spacecraft are the next step in understanding the global topography characteristics, regional morphology, and chronology of the formation of the Venusian surface. This allowed us to draw some conclusions about the history of the crust and the planet as a whole. The resolution of the new images is approximately the same as that obtained by ground-based methods, but a significantly larger part of the planet's surface has been captured. For comparison, we would like to point out that this resolution was almost 20 times less than that which was used at one time when mapping the Moon from telescopic data.
The American scientist G. Mazursky, analyzing the results of radar (ground and orbital) studies of Venus, reduces all the variety of terrain features to three main types of provinces: raised hilly plains, which make up about 65% of the surface; high-altitude areas, which occupy about 8% of the surface, and smooth lowlands, which make up about a quarter of the entire territory captured by the spacecraft."Pioneer is Venus."
The raised rolling plains are located at a level above the average radius of the planet.
Two high-altitude massifs (Ishtar Land and Aphrodite Land), occupying about 10% of the planet's surface, are located at an altitude of 2 to 11 km relative to the average level. They can be lava-covered and raised areas of low-density crust topped by large volcanic structures. Volcanic and tectonic features appear to be more pronounced on Aphrodite's Land than on Ishtar's Land; the blurred appearance of Ishtar's structures may indicate a great age. The mountainous regions of Venus are more similar to those on Earth than those on Mars, as they are mostly, apparently, isostatically compensated. The third high-altitude region forms a visible chain of irregular volcanic structures lying along intermittent discharge zones in the Beta region. The radar brightness of the ray—like structures, which resemble little-modified lava flows, probably indicates that the Beta region is a young geological formation.
Lowlands are common provinces. They are located below the average surface level of the planet and have a low density of craters. Some lowlands are covered with lava flows, similar to the terrestrial and lunar lowlands.
Photomontage of radar images of the surface of Venus obtained by AMS Venera-15 and Venera-16. The Sedna plain south of Ishtar Land, formed as a result of areal basalt outpourings, is shown.
Radar studies conducted in 1982 at the Venera-15 and Venera-16 automatic interplanetary stations made it possible to capture a significant part of the northern hemisphere of the Venusian surface with high resolution. The images obtained made it possible to identify a lot of new geological structures that could not be observed earlier during the radar study of Venus on the Pioneer-Venera spacecraft.
The stations landed at a distance of 2000 km from each other. The landscapes in the planting areas turned out to be different.
There is a scattering of debris in the place where Venus-9 landed, it could have formed as a result of an outburst or scree. Large fragments of rock lie on a fine-grained material that resembles the scattering halo surrounding the Arizona meteorite crater on Earth. It should be noted that with the dense atmosphere of Venus, the fine-grained fraction should settle near the crater and only large formations can fly far away. Enfin, la clé pour un retrait sans souci est de vérifier son compte avec des informations exactes et d'utiliser une méthode de paiement à son propre nom. Une personne qui a utilisé le code promo 1xbet cote d'ivoire et qui souhaite retirer ses gains recevra probablement une demande de vérification d'identité et de domicile de la part du support. La clé est d'anticiper cette étape dès l'inscription, en fournissant des données cohérentes. Cela permet d'éviter les retards de paiement et de profiter pleinement de ses gains après avoir satisfait aux conditions de mise du bonus.
